CD Optical Storage Glossary of Computer Terms (Letter M)

Magenta
The color obtained by mixing equal intensities of red and blue light. It is also the correct name for the subtractive primary color usually called red.

Magneto-optical
See CD-WREM.

Mastering
A real time process in which videotaped materials are used to create a master optical disk that can be replicated into final videodiscs or CD-ROM disks for operation with desktop computers. Usually performed by an outside specialty shop.

Media
Specific means of artistic communication including forms such as film, art, voice, music, sounds, text, programming etc.

MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface. It is a series of digital bus standards for interfacing of digital musical instruments with computers.

Morph
The special effect merging object attributes from multiple images into composite views

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CD Optical Storage Glossary of Computer Terms (Letter K)

KBPS
Kilobits Per Second. A measure of transmission rate in thousands of bits per second commonly referred to as baud rate. Communication channels using telephone modems are established at set bit rates, 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400 respectively. (example 14.4kbps)

Kodak Photo CD
A proprietary asymmetric image recording format developed by Eastman Kodak Company and introduced in 1992. The content of the CD disc is composed of nearly 100 24bit images 3000pixel in a multisession configuration. The KODAK Photo CD is considered a milestone in imaging development.

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How to archive digital images for future use?

Archive ImagesDigital images should be treated like any other important computer files: they should be archived and kept in a safe place. Most computers have built-in optical drives for burning compact discs and DVDs, both of which are reasonable archiving media. If you use optical discs for archiving, consider making two sets of backups—one for your home, and another to be kept in a remote location—just in case one set gets damaged.

Another archiving approach, and one that is easier to manage than using optical media, is to save your pictures to external hard drives. The advantages of external drives over optical media are that they have greater capacity (250 GB and upward), have faster read/write times, and are easier to catalog.

If you really want to cover all the bases, back up your images onto two external hard drives and store them in different locations—one at home and another at the office. That way, not only are you protected if one drive fails, as hard drives sometimes do, but you also don’t have to worry about losing your pictures if there is fire or water damage at one of the locations.

Some photographers like to use external hard drives for backing up at home, then save their most valuable images to optical media for storage at a remote location. This hybrid system strikes a good balance between convenience and reliability. And for the super fastidious (this is my category), think about a system that uses two sets of external hard drives in separate locations, plus one set of optical media in a third place. Does it sound a little over the top? Well, how important are your pictures to you?

Regardless of which media you use, when preparing to back up your photos, take a few minutes to figure out how you want to organize the files before you copy them to your backup media. Since digital cameras usually assign names such as IMG_3298.JPG to your pictures, you won’t be able to go back and find those Paris shots by reading the filenames. Yet, you’re probably not going to want to rename each picture individually, either.

Instead, give a descriptive name to the folder that contains images of a like kind, such as Paris Trip 2002. You can always browse the contents of the folder with an image browser once you’re in the general vicinity.

No matter which method you embrace, the important thing is to have an orderly system and a regular backup routine. You already know how frustrating it is to look for an old picture buried in a shoebox deep within your closet. Consider digital photography your second chance in life, and take advantage of your computer’s ability to store and retrieve information.

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CD Optical Storage Glossary of Computer Terms (Letter J)

JBIG
Joint Bi-level Imaging Group. A working group established to develop a standard for compressing bi-level images such as black-and-white photographs or pages of text. JBIG is a loss less compression technique.

JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group. A standard for compression algorithms for digitizing still photographic images. JPEG compression ratios may range from 10:1 to 80:1, but it is a continuous trade-off between image quality and speed of delivery and storage capacity. Multimedia platforms are being equipped with special boards or chips implementing JPEG compression standard based on the DCT algorithm. There are also software solutions available to accomplish JPEG compression.

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CD Optical Storage Glossary of Computer Terms (Letter I)

IDE
Integrated Drive Electronics.

IMA
Interactive Multimedia Association. An umbrella organization grouping over 220 suppliers and end-users to deal with multimedia standards and data exchange issues. Endorses and supervises technical aspects of JPEG and MPEG compression standards and developing multimedia platform standards.

Importing
A method of accessing or bringing in files created on other platforms or applications.

Interactivity
The ability of a user to control the presentation by a multimedia system, not only for material selection, but for the way in which material is presented.

Interchange file
A family of file types whose specifications are standardized to facilitate use in a broad range of applications and in some cases platforms.

ISA
Industry Standard Architecture.

ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network. Telecommunications networks based on fiber optics with greatly enhanced transmission capacity for handling video images and applications such as video conferencing.

ISO 9660
The designated specification number for the file structure standard of CD-ROM adopted by the International Standards Organization.

ISO
International Standards Organization. A world organization which serves to promote establishment of standards in facilitating international exchange of goods and services and develop mutual cooperation in scientific, technical, intellectual and economic areas of activity. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is the current U.S. voice in the ISO.

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CD Optical Storage Glossary of Computer Terms (Letter F)

Fade
A gradual change in brightness of an image or intensity of a sound. Considered a special effect that can be implemented with software or hardware.

File header
A block of data in a file, usually at the beginning, which describes the type of data in the file and the format of the data.

Film scanning
Scalable optical Digitization of photographic transparencies negatives and slides. High quality standards requirements for Pre-press Digitization have resulted in capture specs exceeding 48bpp @ 6000pixels.

Film recording
A service used to produce film transparencies from digital images. Recorder specs, vary from one manufacturer to another near 4000pixels for 35mm film @ 24bpp

Flash memory
Flash memory is a nonvolatile memory medium (it “remembers” even when the power is turned off) that can easily be updated. This credit card-sized package will be used to replace floppy and hard disk drives in portable personal computers in the future. Flash memory cards substantially reduce the computer’s power consumption (when compared with traditional mechanical disk-drive memories).

Flatbed scanning
Document and image scanning utilizing a level glass bed scanner. Device specifications range include RGB @600dpi,single pass

Flicks
Common term for digital motion sequences

Fractal
Fractional Dimensional. A mathematical definition of a fractional element of an image after repeated application of a specific compression algorithm. Has theoretical compression ratio capability of 10,000:1. Commercial software is available with compression ratios in the range of 2,500:1.

Frame
Used in video to denote a complete scan of an image. In motion video repeated scanning ofa changing scene produces a series of frames. Synonymous with a full computer screen desktop applications.

Full-motion video
Display of a video sequence at the broadcast TV frame rate of 30 fps. Sometimes used to define motion video that is perceived to provide smooth motion regardless of frame rate applied.

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CD Optical Storage Glossary of Computer Terms (Letter D)

DDE
Dynamic Data Exchange. A communication technique for Windows and OS/2. DDE Applications can send and receive data once a communication path is established.

Diffuse
To soften contrasting edges and fill areas of an image or object via random patterns. Also used to simulate colors outside the color pallet. see dithering

Digital
A system in which values are represented by a series of binary bits.

Digitizing
the process of encoding or converting images, sound, video and other data from analog or printed form to a digital format/specification. Examples: Scanning= Printed image to Digital Image file, video capture=analog video signal to still or motion digital file.

Dithering
The process of using patterns to simulate colors or gradients

DVI
digital video interactive. This is a compression format for recording digital video on a CD- ROM disk that provides up to 72 minutes of full motion video, or four hours of one-quarter screen full-motion video.

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